Yes, your primary phone number should be able to receive phone calls as long as your device allows for a SIM and an eSIM to be activated at the same time.
Particular iOS models have Dual SIM Dual Standby (DSDS), which allows you to be connected with both your physical SIM and eSIM simultaneously. That being said, the number of eSIMs you can have active on your device depends on your device model – for more information, consult your device's manual or contact your device's manufacturer.
Regarding Android, many modern Android smartphones also support Dual SIM functionality, including both physical SIM cards and eSIMs. Android phones with Dual SIM Dual Standby (DSDS) technology allow you to use both your physical SIM and eSIM simultaneously, with the ability to receive calls, send texts, and use data on both numbers. The exact number of eSIMs you can have active at the same time on an Android device depends on the specific phone model and the version of Android it runs – for more information, consult your device's manual or contact your device's manufacturer.
Lastly, when using your own carrier, additional data roaming charges may apply to the call service.